Engineering: Engineering is the process of using of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings.Engineering has existed since ancient times, when humans devised inventions such as the wedge, lever, wheel and pulley, etc.Engineering doesn't only refer to building houses and buildings but refers to different inventions made.
 There are many types of engineering:

•  Chemical Engineering 
• Mechanical Engineering
•  Civil Engineering
•  Electrical Engineering 
• Interdisciplinary Engineering
•  Aerospace Engineering
•  Marine Engineering

  Civil Engineering:Civil engineering is the design and construction of public and private works, such as infrastructure (airports, roads, railways, water supply, and treatment etc.), bridges, tunnels, dams, and buildings.Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines, including structural engineering, environmental engineering, and surveying.
Massive increase in population, high demand of urban infrastructure and limited availability of land resources is a global concern. When the inner part of a town becomes more and more congested, it expands towards municipal limits. Effective development control rules in such situation is imperative to tackle the important issues such as environmental degradation, pollution, overcrowding, congestion due to buildings in contravention of development control rules, narrow streets having no further scope for widening, buildings devoid of proper lighting and ventilation due to violation of setback rules, exceeding building height limit and tendency to utilize far fully by covering the entire plot area. Such situations affect systematic development. The reason may be either the building by laws, under which existing development control rules are enforced, are too weak and inappropriate in addressing the problems of physical development or they are outdated and no longer suit the present socio-economic context. Nepal is not an exception to the same. Government has formulated and implemented new fundamental regulations for planning and construction of houses, the Urban Planning & Development Act, Building Code for Nepal, 2072.
 Since the recent earthquake there are some guidelines that must be followed for building or constructing buildings in Nepal.

• For building houses there are certain rules and regulations that must be followed for earthquake relief houses. All new residential houses must spare at least 30 percent of open space while building houses.
• Those constructing buildings for government, semi-government and public buildings must compulsorily set aside at least 50 percent of open area.
• The main road connected to land plots should be 8 meter wide , and that at at least a plot of land should be spared and designed as open space to be used during disasters like earthquake.
• Apart from building map, the new rules also require house owners to approve map of the compound, reads a summary of the 20-page new guidelines issued by the MoFALD
• Construction of boundary wall above 4 feet is prohibited, however, you can have the wall net up to 1.2 meter on the top.
• For any construction above 15 meter, you have to maintain the setback with the near construction in the ratio of 4:1, but not less than 5 meter.
• The new building code 2072 requires you to maintain at least 1.5 meter of setback (distance between two houses), in case if your building is up to 10 meter in height. If you are sharing the boundary with a public building, and if your building is above 10 meter but below 17 meter in height, a minimum setback of 3 meter should be maintained, which, however, is 2 meter in case of the other buildings adjacent to your construction.

For more information contact this website :http://nerpaengineering.epizy.com/